Which of the following typically improves chest pain associated with coronary artery disease?

In cases of chest pain associated with coronary artery disease, rest or nitroglycerin is commonly effective in alleviating the discomfort. When a patient is at rest, there is a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand, which can relieve the pain that arises when the heart muscle does not get adequate blood flow due to narrowed coronary arteries.

Nitroglycerin works by dilating the coronary arteries, allowing increased blood flow to the heart muscle. This can quickly relieve angina (chest pain) episodes by reducing the heart's workload and improving oxygen delivery. Together, rest and nitroglycerin are significant interventions for managing acute episodes of chest pain linked to coronary artery disease, providing rapid relief for patients experiencing this type of pain.

In contrast, factors like heat application, physical activity, or cold application are less effective for these specific symptoms. Heat may provide comfort for muscle-related pain but won't address the underlying issues of reduced coronary blood flow. Physical activity can sometimes exacerbate chest pain in patients with coronary artery disease because it increases the heart's oxygen demand. Cold application similarly does not have a direct beneficial effect on coronary-related pain.